Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Reaction Stoichiometry02:57

Reaction Stoichiometry

66.3K
A balanced chemical equation provides a great deal of information in a very succinct format. Chemical formulas provide the identities of the reactants and products involved in the chemical change, allowing classification of the reaction. Coefficients provide the relative numbers of these chemical species, allowing a quantitative assessment of the relationships between the amounts of substances consumed and produced by the reaction. These quantitative relationships are known as the...
66.3K
Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

8.7K
A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
8.7K
Titration of a Weak Base with a Strong Acid01:20

Titration of a Weak Base with a Strong Acid

5.4K
The titration curve of a weak base like ammonia with a strong acid like hydrochloric acid is the mirror image of the titration curve of a weak acid with a strong base.
Using the ICE table and substituting the Kb value, we calculate the initial pH of 50 mL of 0.1 M ammonia to be 11.11. Addition of 25 mL of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid to this solution of ammonia results in a buffer with an equal concentration of ammonia and ammonium ions. The pH of this buffer can be calculated by substituting these...
5.4K
Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States03:25

Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States

11.5K
The free energy change for a process taking place with reactants and products present under nonstandard conditions (pressures other than 1 bar; concentrations other than 1 M) is related to the standard free energy change according to this equation:
 
where R is the gas constant (8.314 J/K·mol), T is the absolute temperature in kelvin, and Q is the reaction quotient. This equation may be used to predict the spontaneity of a process under any given set of conditions.
Reaction Quotient...
11.5K
Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

63.3K
Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
63.3K
Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

41.9K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
41.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Combined Exsolution and Electrodeposition Strategy for Enhancing Electrocatalytic Activity of Ti-Based Perovskite Oxides in Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2024
Same author

Boosting Electrochemical Performance via Extra-Role of La-Doped CeO<sub>2-δ</sub> Interlayer for "Oxygen Provider" at High-Current SOFC Operation.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2024
Same author

Synergistic growth of nickel and platinum nanoparticles via exsolution and surface reaction.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

Syngas Production from CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O via Solid-Oxide Electrolyzer Cells: Fundamentals, Materials, Degradation, Operating Conditions, and Applications.

Chemical reviews·2024
Same author

Enhanced CO<sub>2</sub> Electrolysis Through Mn Substitution Coupled with Ni Exsolution in Lanthanum Calcium Titanate Electrodes.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2023
Same author

Improving the Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Exsolved Cobalt Nanoparticles on Titanate Perovskite Catalyst.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure
08:14

Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure

Published on: August 23, 2017

26.6K

Hydrogen ionic conductors and ammonia conversions.

John T S Irvine1, Stephy Wilson1, Sujitra Amnuaypanich1,2

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK. jtsi@st-andrews.ac.uk.

Faraday Discussions
|May 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Choosing the right hydrogen conductor significantly enhances ammonia conversion. Hydride conductors show great promise for ammonia synthesis and conversion due to facile ion mobility.

More Related Videos

Preparation of Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perfluoroalkanes for the Removal of Ammonia
12:05

Preparation of Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perfluoroalkanes for the Removal of Ammonia

Published on: October 10, 2013

15.6K
Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
08:40

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

3.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure
08:14

Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure

Published on: August 23, 2017

26.6K
Preparation of Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perfluoroalkanes for the Removal of Ammonia
12:05

Preparation of Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perfluoroalkanes for the Removal of Ammonia

Published on: October 10, 2013

15.6K
Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
08:40

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

3.6K

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Electrochemical and catalytic processes involving ammonia are crucial for energy and chemical applications.
  • The efficiency of ammonia conversion is highly dependent on the properties of the electrolyte or substrate used.
  • Both protonic and hydride ionic conductors are being investigated for their potential in these reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the suitability of protonic and hydride ionic conductors for electrochemical and catalytic ammonia conversions.
  • To compare the performance of different ionic conductors in ammonia synthesis and fuel cell applications.
  • To identify promising materials for enhanced ammonia conversion technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated protonic ionic conductors for ammonia synthesis and fuel cells.
  • Examined hydride ionic conductors, focusing on their ion mobility and reducing properties.
  • Analyzed the mobility and exchange of hydrogen and nitrogen within alkaline hydride lattices.

Main Results:

  • Protonic conductors require high temperatures for ammonia synthesis, leading to competing thermal decomposition.
  • Protonic conductors are well-suited for direct ammonia fuel cell applications.
  • Hydride conductors exhibit high ion mobility and reducing capabilities, with alkaline hydride lattices showing facile H and N mobility and exchange.

Conclusions:

  • The choice of hydrogen conducting electrolyte or substrate is critical for enhancing ammonia conversion.
  • While protonic conductors have limitations for synthesis, they are effective in ammonia fuel cells.
  • Alkaline hydride lattices present a highly promising avenue for efficient ammonia conversion and synthesis.