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DNA ejection from phage capsids can start from either end with equal probability, challenging the Last In First Out (LIFO) model. This suggests DNA mobility within the dense phage environment.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Phage DNA packaging and ejection are crucial for viral infection.
  • The prevailing Last In First Out (LIFO) model assumes unidirectional ejection.
  • Limited understanding of DNA dynamics within the confined phage capsid.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism and probability of DNA end selection during in vitro phage ejection.
  • To challenge or support the established Last In First Out (LIFO) model.
  • To explore the mobility of DNA within a highly condensed phage capsid.

Main Methods:

  • AT-specific visualization of DNA molecules during in vitro phage ejection.
  • Computer simulations to model DNA behavior and ejection dynamics.
  • Analysis of ejected DNA length in relation to ejection models (LIFO vs. FIFO).

Main Results:

  • Observed nearly 50% probability for ejection starting from either DNA end, contradicting LIFO.
  • Computer simulations confirmed randomized DNA end selection.
  • Ejected DNA length differed between LIFO and First In First Out (FIFO) models, attributed to DNA stiffness.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates that DNA molecules exhibit mobility within dense phage capsids.
  • DNA can switch ends during ejection, leading to a near 50% probability for either end initiating the process.
  • Findings necessitate a revision of current models for phage DNA ejection dynamics.