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Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

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In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
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Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating...
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Stimulants01:29

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Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

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Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
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Introduction
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 31, 2025

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol
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Acute Pediatric Liquid Nicotine Ingestions.

Marit S Tweet, Meaghan Wilson, Jennifer M Rosario

    Pediatric Annals
    |May 9, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    Accidental ingestion of liquid nicotine from electronic cigarettes poses a risk of serious poisoning in children. Healthcare providers should be prepared to manage pediatric nicotine toxicity with supportive care, as there is no specific antidote.

    Area of Science:

    • Toxicology
    • Pediatric Emergency Medicine
    • Environmental Health

    Background:

    • Household electronic cigarette and vaping device use is an emerging source of unintentional nicotine exposure in children.
    • Accidental nicotine ingestions, particularly from liquid nicotine products, can lead to significant pediatric toxicity.
    • The presentation of nicotine toxicity can mimic other ingestions, underscoring the importance of a thorough patient history.

    Approach:

    • This review synthesizes current information on pediatric nicotine toxicity.
    • It focuses on clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management strategies.
    • The review aims to support clinicians treating children with suspected liquid nicotine ingestion.

    Key Points:

    • Nicotine toxicity from electronic cigarette products is a growing concern in pediatric populations.

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  • Supportive care is the cornerstone of managing nicotine toxicity, addressing presenting signs and symptoms.
  • No specific antidote exists for nicotine poisoning, making prompt and appropriate supportive measures critical.

    • Conclusions:

    • Clinicians must be vigilant for potential liquid nicotine ingestions in pediatric patients presenting with concerning symptoms.
    • Understanding the unique aspects of nicotine toxicity is essential for effective management.
    • Preparedness for managing these exposures can improve patient outcomes and reduce morbidity.