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COVID-19 and Sickle Cell Disease: Two Independent Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism

Parima Saxena1, John Muthu2

  • 1Internal Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA.

Cureus
|May 9, 2023
PubMed

Insights

This review examines the increased risk of blood clots in sickle cell disease (SCD) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It explores common mechanisms of coagulopathy and discusses current guidelines for preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder associated with significant vascular complications and a high risk of thrombosis.
  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a multi-systemic illness linked to an elevated incidence of thrombotic events.
  • Both SCD and COVID-19 impact the vasculature and increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), influencing Virchow's triad.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the incidence of VTE in SCD and COVID-19 independently.
  • To examine the coagulopathy mechanisms associated with both SCD and COVID-19.
  • To explore potential synergistic effects of coagulopathy in patients with both SCD and COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of VTE incidence in SCD and COVID-19.
  • Analysis of coagulopathy mechanisms in both conditions, focusing on Virchow's triad.
  • Review of current anticoagulation guidelines for VTE prevention.

Main Results:

  • Both SCD and COVID-19 independently increase VTE risk through mechanisms involving inflammation and endothelial dysfunction.
  • Commonalities in coagulopathy exist, potentially leading to synergistic thrombotic risk in co-infected patients.
  • Current literature on VTE rates in SCD-COVID-19 patients is limited.

Conclusions:

  • The intersection of SCD and COVID-19 presents a significant, under-researched area concerning coagulopathy and thrombotic risk.
  • Further research is needed to understand the synergistic influence of these conditions on VTE.
  • Prospective studies are essential to guide management and prevention strategies for VTE in patients with both SCD and COVID-19.

Keywords:
covid coagulopathycovid-19sickle cell complicationssickle cell disease: scdvenous thromboembolsimvirchow’s triad

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