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Tuberculous peritonitis in Lesotho.

R I Menzies, H Alsen, J M Fitzgerald

    Tubercle
    |March 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Tuberculous peritonitis is a significant cause of ascites in Lesotho, often difficult to diagnose. This condition, particularly in the elderly and alcohol abusers, carries a high mortality rate despite treatment.

    Area of Science:

    • Infectious Diseases
    • Gastroenterology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Tuberculous peritonitis is a common cause of ascites in Africa.
    • Diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis was historically rare in Lesotho.
    • Ascites of unknown origin requires careful etiological investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the incidence and diagnostic challenges of tuberculous peritonitis in Lesotho.
    • To identify clinical features and risk factors associated with tuberculous peritonitis.
    • To determine the mortality rate of tuberculous peritonitis in this population.

    Main Methods:

    • Prospective evaluation of 105 consecutive patients admitted with ascites.
    • Clinical assessment of signs and symptoms.

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  • Etiological diagnosis of ascites, with a focus on tuberculosis.

    • Main Results:

    • Tuberculosis accounted for 42% of ascites cases.
    • Clinical differentiation from other causes was difficult due to non-specific symptoms.
    • Elderly males with alcohol abuse were the majority demographic.
    • Mortality rate was 26%, highest in the elderly and alcohol abusers.

    Conclusions:

    • Tuberculous peritonitis is an underdiagnosed but significant cause of ascites in Lesotho.
    • Clinical presentation is often non-specific, complicating diagnosis.
    • High mortality underscores the need for early diagnosis and effective management strategies.