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Light-mediated Formation and Patterning of Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications
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Synthesis of patterned polyHIPE-hydrogel composite materials using thiol-ene chemistry.

Tucker J McKenzie1, Christian Cawood1, Chelsea Davis1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, The University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|May 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a simple method to create patterned elastomeric composites for advanced applications. This technique allows for layered materials with tunable properties, overcoming limitations of complex existing methods.

Keywords:
Emulsion templated polymerInterface stabilityPatterned materialsPolyHIPE

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Soft Robotics

Background:

  • Elastomeric composites with multiple properties are crucial for biomaterials, actuators, and soft robotics.
  • Current methods for creating spatially patterned composites are often multistep and complex.
  • A need exists for simpler, efficient platforms for designing layered composite materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple and efficient platform for synthesizing horizontally- and vertically-patterned elastomeric composites.
  • To create mechanically robust composites with defined interfaces between polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based polymerized high internal phase emulsion (polyHIPE) porous elastomers and PDMS/polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of patterned composites using PDMS-based polyHIPE and PDMS/PEG hydrogels.
  • Rheological analysis to determine storage moduli of polyHIPE and hydrogel layers.
  • Mechanical testing (compressive Young's Modulus, maximum strain) of polyHIPEs, with properties tuned by thiol-to-ene ratio.
  • Evaluation of mechanical properties, polyHIPE porosity, and hydrogel swelling ratio in patterned vs. non-patterned controls.

Main Results:

  • Mechanically robust composites with defined interfaces were successfully prepared.
  • PolyHIPE and hydrogel layers exhibited storage moduli of ~35 kPa and ~45 kPa, respectively.
  • PolyHIPE mechanical properties (Young's Modulus 6-25 kPa, maximum strain 50-65%) were tunable via thiol-to-ene ratio.
  • Patterning technique did not negatively impact mechanical properties, porosity, or swelling.
  • Up to 7 distinct horizontally patterned layers were achieved, exhibiting hydration-dependent expansion/contraction.

Conclusions:

  • A straightforward platform for creating patterned polyHIPE-hydrogel composites was demonstrated.
  • The developed method allows for precise control over material properties and layering.
  • These tunable, layered elastomers hold promise for applications requiring spatially defined functionalities.