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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
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Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
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Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric tuberculosis: decrease in notification rates and increase in clinical

Andrea Lo Vecchio1, Sara Maria Scarano2, Chiara Amato2

  • 1Department of Translational Medical Sciences - Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy. andrea.lovecchio@unina.it.

European Journal of Pediatrics
|May 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The COVID-19 pandemic led to fewer tuberculosis diagnoses in children, but those diagnosed had more severe disease. This suggests delayed diagnosis and underreporting, not reduced transmission, as children sought care only when critically ill.

Keywords:
COVID-19ChildrenDisease severityInfection rateTuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted global healthcare systems.
  • Access to medical care, including for non-COVID-19 conditions like tuberculosis, was reduced.
  • Tuberculosis notification rates have globally decreased during the pandemic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare tuberculosis incidence and disease severity in children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To investigate the impact of the pandemic on pediatric tuberculosis diagnosis and clinical presentation.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study was conducted involving children diagnosed with tuberculosis between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2021.
  • Disease severity was assessed using established criteria, including smear positivity, symptoms, lung cavitation, extrapulmonary involvement, respiratory failure, and intensive care needs.
  • Tuberculosis notification rates were analyzed pre-pandemic (2010-2019) and during the pandemic (2020-2021).

Main Results:

  • A total of 168 children were diagnosed with tuberculosis; 156 before the pandemic and 12 during.
  • The annual tuberculosis notification rate dropped by 73% in 2021 compared to 2019.
  • Children diagnosed during the pandemic exhibited significantly higher disease severity, with increased rates of respiratory failure and need for intensive care.

Conclusions:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a reduced tuberculosis notification rate in the pediatric population.
  • A significant increase in pediatric tuberculosis disease severity was observed during the pandemic.
  • These findings suggest diagnostic delays and underreporting, rather than reduced transmission, contributed to the observed trends.