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Cardiology Encounters for Underrepresented Racial and Ethnic Groups with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Borderline
Gerald S Bloomfield1,2, C Larry Hill3, Karen Chiswell3
1Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. gerald.bloomfield@duke.edu.
Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities
|May 9, 2023
Summary
Underrepresented racial and ethnic groups with HIV and borderline cardiovascular disease risk are less likely to see a cardiologist. Key factors influencing cardiology encounters include insurance, urban residence, and diagnosed cardiovascular disease.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Health Disparities
Background:
- Underrepresented racial and ethnic groups (UREGs) with HIV face higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
- Cardiovascular specialist referral improves CVD risk management in high-risk individuals.
- Factors influencing cardiology encounters for UREGs with HIV are not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify patient and provider factors associated with cardiology encounters in UREGs with HIV and borderline CVD risk.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 2,039 UREGs with HIV and borderline CVD risk (2014-2020) was analyzed.
- Cox proportional hazards regression assessed associations with cardiology encounters.
- Data were collected from four U.S. academic medical centers.
Main Results:
- 14% of participants had an ambulatory cardiology visit.
- Women were more likely to have a cardiology encounter than men (17% vs. 11%).
- Older age, higher BMI, atrial fibrillation, multimorbidity, urban residence, and lack of insurance were linked to increased cardiology encounters.
Conclusions:
- Diagnosed CVD, insurance type, and urban residence were strongest predictors of cardiology encounters.
- Further research is needed to understand the impact of these encounters on CVD care and outcomes in this population.
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