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Related Concept Videos

Chemical Agents for Microbial Control01:27

Chemical Agents for Microbial Control

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Chemicals play important roles in controlling microbial growth by targeting microbial structures and functions as sanitizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, and sterilants.Alcohols are commonly used sanitizers, effectively disrupting lipid membranes, which compromises cell integrity. They are also used as antiseptics and disinfectants due to their rapid action and versatility.Phenols and their derivatives phenolics , known for denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes, are particularly...
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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
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Multicationic Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: A Framework for Combating Bacterial Resistance.

Mary A Seferyan1, Evgeniya A Saverina1,2, Nikita A Frolov1

  • 1N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky pr. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia.

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|May 10, 2023
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Summary

New multi-quaternary ammonium compounds (multi-QACs) show potent antibacterial activity against resistant pathogens. These novel formulations offer a stable, long-term biocidal effect, addressing concerns about antimicrobial resistance.

Keywords:
ESKAPE pathogensbacterial resistancebiofilmquaternary ammonium compounds

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Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Microbiology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Traditional antiseptic development relies on high biocidal activity against archival strains.
  • The increasing spread of antimicrobial resistance necessitates the development of formulations with stable, long-term efficacy.
  • Existing biocides face challenges in maintaining effectiveness against evolving resistant pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and evaluate a novel series of multi-quaternary ammonium compounds (multi-QACs) derived from isocyanuric acid.
  • To assess the antibiofilm properties, bacterial tolerance development, and antimicrobial activity of these compounds against multiresistant strains.
  • To explore the potential of these new compounds as effective agents against challenging bacterial pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • An original isocyanuric acid alkylation method using alkyl dichlorides was employed to create multi-QACs.
  • A comprehensive evaluation included antibiofilm assays, bacterial tolerance studies, and antimicrobial activity testing.
  • Compounds were tested against multiresistant pathogenic strains, including ESKAPE pathogens and clinical isolates.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized multi-QACs demonstrated superior antibacterial activity against ESKAPE pathogens compared to commercial quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs).
  • Hit compounds exhibited high efficacy against clinical bacterial strains and provided a sustained biocidal effect.
  • No significant development of microorganism tolerance was observed with the most active compounds, indicating stability.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-QACs based on isocyanuric acid represent a promising new class of antibacterial agents.
  • These compounds show significant potential for combating multiresistant bacterial strains due to their high activity and stable long-term effect.
  • The developed synthesis method provides access to a diverse panel of multi-QACs for further investigation and application.