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Related Concept Videos

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

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Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
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Ambient Method for the Production of an Ionically Gated Carbon Nanotube Common Cathode in Tandem Organic Solar Cells
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Giant Negative Thermopower Enabled by Bidirectionally Anchored Cations in Multifunctional Polymers.

Bin Chen1, Xu Zhang1, Jing Yang1

  • 1Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|May 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Scientists developed a novel ionic thermoelectric material with a giant negative thermopower of -28.4 mV·K-1 and high ionic conductivity (40.5 mS·cm-1) by combining synergistic ion-polymer interactions.

Keywords:
energy harvestingion thermoelectricion−polymer interactionnegative thermopowersynergistic effect

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • High-quality ionic thermoelectric materials with negative thermopowers are scarce, limiting their applications.
  • Tuning ion-polymer interactions is crucial for optimizing ionic thermoelectric properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a strategy for bidirectionally anchoring cations to achieve synergistic ion-polymer interactions.
  • To create a novel ionic thermoelectric material with enhanced negative thermopower and ionic conductivity.

Main Methods:

  • Infiltration of a polycation electrolyte (poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)) with CuCl2 into a poly(vinyl alcohol)-chitosan aerogel.
  • Utilizing synergistic ion-polymer coordination and Coulomb interactions for cation anchoring.
  • Characterizing the material's thermoelectric properties and ionic conductivity.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a giant negative thermopower of -28.4 mV·K-1.
  • Obtained a high ionic conductivity of 40.5 mS·cm-1.
  • Demonstrated the effectiveness of synergistic ion-polymer interactions in enhancing thermoelectric performance.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed strategy successfully integrates different ion-polymer interactions to create a high-performance ionic thermoelectric material.
  • The material exhibits significant potential for applications in thermoelectric devices.
  • Synergistic interactions offer a promising route for designing multifunctional ionic thermoelectric materials.