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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response01:15

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Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
The time of drug administration is an important factor to consider, as it can influence the toxic dose of a drug. For example, a study conducted by Prins et al. in 1997 examined the effects of the timing of...
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Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 31, 2025

The Use of Mouse Splenocytes to Assess Pathogen-associated Molecular Pattern Influence on Clock Gene Expression
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Microbial circadian clocks: host-microbe interplay in diel cycles.

Emily M Wollmuth1, Esther R Angert2

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, 123 Wing Drive, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.

BMC Microbiology
|May 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Circadian rhythms help organisms anticipate daily environmental changes. While known in cyanobacteria, researchers are actively seeking novel bacterial circadian clocks, especially in microbial communities and host-associated bacteria.

Keywords:
Circadian clockCircadian rhythmDiel cycleDiurnal cycleGut microbiotaOscillationsSymbiosis

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Chronobiology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Circadian rhythms enable organisms to anticipate daily environmental shifts.
  • Bacterial circadian clocks are well-characterized in cyanobacteria, regulating gene expression and metabolism.
  • Research is ongoing to identify novel circadian clocks in other bacterial and microbial populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the presence and mechanisms of circadian rhythms in bacteria beyond cyanobacteria.
  • Understand the role of bacterial circadian clocks in microbial communities and host-microbe interactions.
  • Explore how heterotrophic bacteria might respond to diel environmental cycles.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on circadian rhythms in bacteria and microbial communities.
  • Analysis of observed oscillations in microbial composition and function in various ecosystems (ocean, gut).
  • Discussion of challenges in distinguishing bacterial rhythms from host influences.

Main Results:

  • Daily oscillations in microbial communities are influenced by light, nutrients, and host feeding cycles.
  • The gut microbiota can influence host circadian rhythms.
  • The existence and mechanisms of circadian rhythms in host-associated heterotrophic bacteria remain largely unconfirmed.

Conclusions:

  • Further evidence is needed to confirm self-sustained circadian rhythms in host-associated heterotrophic bacteria.
  • Mechanisms by which heterotrophic bacteria respond to diel cycles require further investigation.