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Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
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Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
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Decoding the role of transcriptomic clocks in the human prefrontal cortex.

José J Martínez-Magaña1,2, John H Krystal1,2,3, Matthew J Girgenti1,2

  • 1Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven.

Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
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Summary

This study compared two transcriptomic aging clocks in human brain tissue, finding that a deep-learning clock better predicts biological age and links gene expression patterns to psychiatric traits and brain aging.

Keywords:
Biological clocksagingdeep learningprefrontal cortextranscriptomic clocks

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Aging exhibits interindividual variability, measurable by biological clocks.
  • Transcriptomic clocks predict biological age using gene expression but their function is unclear.
  • Understanding transcriptomic aging is crucial for health outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Transcriptomic aging, particularly via deep-learning models, is linked to health disorders, including psychiatric traits.
  • Functional genes in the PFC play a role in aging and health risk.
  • This research provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of brain aging.