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[Well-meant oxygen administration with harmful effects]
Walid Saleh1,2, Alexander D Cornet1
1Medisch Spectrum Twente, afd. Intensive Care, Enschede.
Oxygen therapy, while vital for treating hypoxemia, can cause harm. High oxygen levels (hyperoxemia) lead to vasoconstriction and cell damage, increasing mortality and organ dysfunction, especially in surgery patients.
Area of Science:
- Medical Science
- Physiology
- Emergency Medicine
Context:
- Oxygen administration has a long history for treating hypoxemia.
- Hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen, can lead to adverse effects.
- Harmful sequelae of hyperoxemia include vasoconstriction and reactive oxygen species formation.
Purpose:
- To review the detrimental effects of hyperoxemia.
- To highlight the pathophysiological mechanisms of hyperoxemia-induced damage.
- To provide guidance on oxygen therapy targets in medical settings.
Summary:
- Hyperoxemia causes vasoconstriction in coronary, cerebral, and systemic arteries.
- It leads to reactive oxygen species, cellular damage, and cell death.
- Clinical studies demonstrate increased mortality and organ dysfunction due to hyperoxemia in emergencies and surgery.
Impact:
- Hyperoxemia increases mortality and organ dysfunction in various medical conditions.
- The detrimental effects of hyperoxemia are also observed in patients undergoing elective surgery.
- Normoxemia should be the target in most situations, with hyperoxemia justifiable only for short periods to prevent hypoxemia.
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