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The historical classification of Cannabis has led to debates about its species. Recent genomic research suggests Cannabis is a single, highly diverse species, challenging older taxonomic frameworks.

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Area of Science:

  • Botany
  • Genomics
  • Taxonomic Nomenclature

Background:

  • The genus *Cannabis* has historically been classified into multiple species (*C. sativa*, *C. indica*, *C. ruderalis*) based on morphological, chemical, and geographical data.
  • This traditional taxonomy has resulted in ongoing scientific debate regarding whether *Cannabis* comprises one or multiple species or subspecies.
  • Recent advancements in genome sequencing and bioinformatics offer new tools for resolving taxonomic ambiguities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a historical overview of the classification of the *Cannabis* genus.
  • To examine the impact of modern genomic research on *Cannabis* taxonomy.
  • To clarify the ongoing debate regarding the species classification of *Cannabis*.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical taxonomic literature for the genus *Cannabis*.
  • Analysis of recent studies employing genome sequencing and bioinformatics for taxonomic resolution.
  • Synthesis of evidence to evaluate existing and proposed classification frameworks.

Main Results:

  • Historical classifications relied on physical, morphological, chemical, and geographical data, leading to distinct species designations.
  • Genomic data provides higher resolution, questioning previously established taxonomic frameworks.
  • Current evidence increasingly supports a monotypic classification for the genus *Cannabis*.

Conclusions:

  • The traditional multi-species model for *Cannabis* is being challenged by genomic evidence.
  • The genus *Cannabis* is best understood as a single, highly diverse species.
  • Genomic approaches are crucial for accurate taxonomic assignments in *Cannabis*.