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Related Concept Videos

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Author Spotlight: Quantifying Pain Experience – An Illustrative Approach Using the Pain Body Diagram
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The pain lottery.

Abram Brummett1, Parker Crutchfield2

  • 1Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA.

Annals of Palliative Medicine
|May 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Standard opioid allocation protocols are inadequate for shortages. A tiered lottery prioritizing emergent procedures and pain severity is proposed, with ethically permissible deception regarding its implementation.

Keywords:
JusticeOpioidspainscarcity

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Ethics
  • Public Health Policy
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Opioid abundance has led to addiction and overdose crises.
  • The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted potential ethical issues from medication shortages.
  • Jurisdictions are exploring ethical frameworks for opioid pain medication scarcity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To argue that standard allocation protocols are unsuitable for opioid shortages.
  • To propose a novel allocation strategy for limited opioid supplies.
  • To examine the ethical permissibility of deception in pain management during scarcity.

Main Methods:

  • Ethical analysis of standard allocation principles in the context of opioid scarcity.
  • Development of a tiered lottery system for opioid distribution.
  • Examination of the transparency-beneficence tension in pain treatment.

Main Results:

  • Standard allocation protocols, which rely heavily on prognosis, are not applicable to opioid shortages.
  • A tiered lottery system is proposed, prioritizing emergent procedures then pain severity.
  • Limited deception regarding the lottery's implementation may be ethically justified.

Conclusions:

  • Opioid allocation during shortages requires a departure from standard ethical frameworks.
  • A tiered lottery offers a more equitable distribution mechanism for scarce opioid pain medication.
  • Balancing transparency and beneficence may necessitate withholding certain details of allocation processes.