Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

382
Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
382
Environmental Influences on Intelligence01:29

Environmental Influences on Intelligence

371
Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
371
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

6.6K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
6.6K
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

34.7K
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
34.7K
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

2.5K
The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
2.5K
Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

635
Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
635

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Parent and child physiological reactivity as moderator of a proof-of-principle randomized microtrial parenting intervention.

Child development·2026
Same author

Addressing inequities in maternal health through postpartum nurse home visiting: a mixed methods evaluation.

BMC pregnancy and childbirth·2026
Same author

The German version of the highly sensitive child scale: Psychometric properties and identification of sensitivity groups.

Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)·2026
Same author

Psychometric properties of the Spanish adaptation of the Highly Sensitive Child Scale for use with adults.

Current issues in personality psychology·2026
Same author

Practitioner Review: Clinical insights from attachment theory and research for professionals working with young children and their families.

Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines·2026
Same author

Integrating mother and father ratings of child environmental sensitivity and links to adjustment.

Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43)·2025
Same journal

Microbiota-gut-brain axis in autism spectrum disorder: integrating brain structure, function, and transcriptomics.

Translational psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Neural mechanisms of fear memory precision and generalization: from auditory cortex to amygdala.

Translational psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Maraviroc attenuates inflammation-exacerbated cognitive and amyloid pathology in an early-stage Alzheimer's disease mouse model.

Translational psychiatry·2026
Same journal

High-order brain interactions during ketamine-induced state changes: A functional marker of response in late-life treatment-resistant depression?

Translational psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Immune-metabolic mediation of depression risk: Causal evidence from antibody and metabolite GWAS.

Translational psychiatry·2026
Same journal

DRD1 and DRD2 dopamine-sensitive neurons in the central amygdala respond differently to rewarding and aversive stimuli.

Translational psychiatry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Optimized Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression from Small, Anatomically-defined Areas of the Brain
13:11

Optimized Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression from Small, Anatomically-defined Areas of the Brain

Published on: July 12, 2012

18.8K

Prenatal programming of environmental sensitivity.

Sarah Hartman1, Jay Belsky1, Michael Pluess2,3

  • 1Department of Human Eology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.

Translational Psychiatry
|May 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prenatal stress doesn't guarantee negative outcomes; it heightens sensitivity to postnatal environments. Positive development can occur if supportive contexts follow prenatal stress, influencing environmental sensitivity.

More Related Videos

Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic PolyI:C
07:13

Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic PolyI:C

Published on: March 25, 2016

18.5K
Author Spotlight: Exploring Microglial Interactions with Stress-Response Circuitry Using the Limited Bedding and Nesting Model
04:20

Author Spotlight: Exploring Microglial Interactions with Stress-Response Circuitry Using the Limited Bedding and Nesting Model

Published on: July 12, 2024

1.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Optimized Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression from Small, Anatomically-defined Areas of the Brain
13:11

Optimized Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression from Small, Anatomically-defined Areas of the Brain

Published on: July 12, 2012

18.8K
Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic PolyI:C
07:13

Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic PolyI:C

Published on: March 25, 2016

18.5K
Author Spotlight: Exploring Microglial Interactions with Stress-Response Circuitry Using the Limited Bedding and Nesting Model
04:20

Author Spotlight: Exploring Microglial Interactions with Stress-Response Circuitry Using the Limited Bedding and Nesting Model

Published on: July 12, 2024

1.7K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Behavioral Genetics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Individual differences in environmental sensitivity are influenced by genetics and environment.
  • Prenatal experiences are proposed to shape postnatal plasticity and sensitivity.
  • Existing research supports the hypothesis of prenatal programming of postnatal plasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of prenatal experiences in developing environmental sensitivity.
  • To review evidence for prenatal programming of postnatal plasticity.
  • To discuss mechanisms and moderators of prenatal programming effects.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing animal and human evidence.
  • Discussion of biological mechanisms linking prenatal stress to postnatal sensitivity.
  • Consideration of moderating factors like genetics, gender, and exposure characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Prenatal stress increases sensitivity to both adverse and supportive postnatal environments.
  • Prenatal programming can influence susceptibility or sensitivity to environmental factors.
  • Positive development is possible following prenatal stress if postnatal environments are supportive.

Conclusions:

  • Prenatal stress can enhance environmental sensitivity, not solely predispose to problems.
  • The impact of prenatal programming is moderated by various factors.
  • Supportive postnatal environments are crucial for positive outcomes after prenatal stress.