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Anthropogenic change decouples a freshwater predator's density feedback.

J S Sinclair1,2, R Briland3,4, M E Fraker5

  • 1Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Clamecystraße 12, 63571, Gelnhausen, Hesse, Germany. james.sinclair270@gmail.com.

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|May 10, 2023
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Summary

Anthropogenic changes have diminished intraspecific competition in Lake Erie walleye (Sander vitreus) populations. This shift impacts predator-prey dynamics and resource management strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Fisheries Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Intraspecific interactions in predator populations influence predator-prey dynamics and community structure.
  • Understanding how these interactions respond to anthropogenic change is crucial for ecological management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of anthropogenic alterations on intraspecific interactions within Lake Erie's walleye (Sander vitreus) population.
  • To analyze a half-century of data (1969-2018) on walleye abundance and size-at-age.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed 50 years of walleye abundance and size-at-age data from Lake Erie.
  • Examined correlations between younger and older walleye abundance and growth rates.
  • Identified shifts in these correlations before and after the early 1980s.

Main Results:

  • A 'density feedback' where intraspecific competition limited growth in younger walleye (ages 1-2) was observed before the 1980s.
  • This density feedback signal disappeared after the early 1980s.
  • The decoupling was linked to improved fisheries management, nutrient reductions, warming waters, and the introduction of white perch (Morone americana).

Conclusions:

  • Anthropogenic changes have reduced density-dependent intraspecific interactions in walleye populations.
  • These changes may decrease spatial overlap and introduce novel prey, lessening competition.
  • Findings have significant implications for predicting predator dynamics and managing natural resources.