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Related Concept Videos

Emission Spectra02:39

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When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.
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Plants and other photosynthetic organisms comprise pigments capable of absorption of direct sunlight. These pigments are present in the reaction center - the main site of photochemical reactions as well as in the antenna complex. Under average light conditions, the rate at which reaction center pigments absorb light is far below the electron transport chain's capacity. As a result, the reaction center alone cannot provide enough energy to drive photosynthesis. The photosynthetic efficiency...
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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization01:21

IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization

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Hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes show characteristic C–H stretching absorption bands. These IR stretching frequencies depend on the hybridization of the involved carbon atom and can be explained in terms of the s character of each hybridized atomic orbital.
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IR Absorption Frequency: Delocalization01:04

IR Absorption Frequency: Delocalization

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Electron delocalization refers to the distribution of electrons across multiple atoms within a molecule rather than being confined to a single atom or bond. This phenomenon is common in systems with conjugated bonds—structures where alternating single and double bonds allow π-electrons to move freely across the network. The movement of electrons stabilizes the molecule and can affect various chemical properties, including vibrational frequencies observed in IR spectroscopy.
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Compact [C II] emitters around a C IV absorption complex at redshift 5.7.

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We detected two [C sup II]-emitting galaxies near redshift 5.7, associated with a high-ionization gas system. These galaxies exhibit compact sizes and narrow linewidths, suggesting obscured star formation during cosmic reionization.

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmic reionization
  • Galaxy evolution
  • Intergalactic medium physics

Background:

  • Circumgalactic medium conditions are investigated using quasar absorption lines.
  • A link between gas ionization state and galaxy properties is suggested.
  • Cosmic reionization involves global changes in absorption systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physical conditions of the circumgalactic medium.
  • To explore the connection between [C sup II] emission and galaxy properties.
  • To understand the high ionization state of gas during cosmic reionization.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of intervening absorption-line systems in background quasar spectra.
  • Detection of [C sup II]-emitting galaxies at redshift z ≈ 5.7.
  • Comparison with hydrodynamic simulations.

Main Results:

  • Two [C sup II]-emitting galaxies detected at z ≈ 5.7, linked to a high-ionization C sup IV system.
  • Detected galaxies are part of an overdensity, with compact sizes (<2.4 kpc) and narrow linewidths (FWHM ≈ 62-64 km/s).
  • Lack of UV counterparts suggests severe obscuration of the [C sup II] emission sources.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest a connection between [C sup II] emission properties, galaxy overdensities, and high gas ionization states.
  • Narrow [C sup II] emission may originate from heated cold neutral medium clumps or compact photodissociation regions.
  • Severe obscuration of star formation in early galaxies is indicated.