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Accessory microbiomes.

Michiel Vos1

  • 1European Centre for Environment and Human Health, Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE, Penryn, UK.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microbiome research often focuses on core species, but accessory microbiomes—found in only some hosts—are also crucial. These accessory microbes can be harmless, harmful (pathogens), or beneficial to specific host groups.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome Research
  • Microbial Ecology
  • Host-Microbe Interactions

Background:

  • Extensive research has focused on identifying core microbiomes, assumed to be vital for host functions.
  • Accessory microbiomes, present in only a subset of hosts, have received less attention.
  • Understanding the role of these accessory microbes is critical for a comprehensive view of host-microbiome dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the current understanding of accessory microbiomes.
  • To compare the concept of accessory microbiomes with accessory genomes.
  • To highlight the potential roles of accessory microbes, including neutral, pathogenic, and beneficial effects.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and conceptual comparison.
  • Analysis of existing microbiome research focusing on non-core members.
  • Drawing parallels with the established concept of accessory genomes in microbial populations.

Main Results:

  • Accessory microbiomes comprise species with varying impacts on host fitness.
  • Some accessory microbes may act as pathogens, negatively affecting host health.
  • Other accessory microbes could provide benefits to specific host populations or ecological niches.

Conclusions:

  • Accessory microbiomes represent a significant, yet understudied, component of host-associated microbial communities.
  • Their roles range from negligible to detrimental or beneficial, depending on the specific species and host context.
  • Further research into accessory microbiomes is needed to fully elucidate their contribution to host health and ecosystem function.