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Regional Disparities of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Major Cardiovascular Events in Non-electively Hospitalized
Brian J Brereton1, Rupak V Desai2, Siva Naga S Yarrarapu3
1Department of Medicine, Jersey General Hosp, St. Helier, Jersey, USA.
Insights
Young adults face significant cardiovascular disease (CVD) disparities across the US, with the South showing higher risks. Tailored regional policies are needed to address these non-elective hospitalization trends.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Cardiology
- Health Disparities
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a major cause of illness and death in the United States.
- Regional variations in CVD burden among young adults require investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine regional disparities in cardiovascular disease risk factors and outcomes.
- To analyze non-elective hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease in young adults (18-44 years).
Main Methods:
- Utilized the 2019 National Inpatient Sample database.
- Analyzed non-elective hospitalizations, focusing on CVD risk factors and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE).
- Compared outcomes across different US regions.
Main Results:
- The South region had the highest burden of CVD risk factors and MACCE rates (2.9%).
- Higher risks for myocardial infarction (AMI) and all-cause mortality were observed in the South and Midwest.
- The West and South regions showed increased adjusted odds for cardiovascular events.
Conclusions:
- A higher prevalence of CVD risk factors and MACCE exists in the South among young adults with non-elective admissions.
- Regional health policies should be adapted to address localized CVD burdens.
- Addressing regional disparities is crucial for mitigating CVD impact in young adults.
Background:
Cardiovascular diseases contribute to considerable morbidity and mortality in the USA. We sought to establish regional disparities across the nation contributing to cardiovascular disease (CVD) among non-elective young adult hospitalizations.
Methods:
The National Inpatient Sample (2019) was utilized to identify the incidence of non-elective hospitalizations among young adults (18-44 yrs) and analyze the burden of CVD risk factors and outcomes (MACCE; all-cause mortality, AMI, cardiac arrest and stroke) in different US regions.
Results:
A total of 5,833,930 (median age 32 [26-37] years) non-elective admissions were recorded; plurality from the south (39.6%). Most admissions were white (51.4%) and female (65.5%) amid all regions. The burden of CVD risk factors was significantly higher in the South followed by the Mid-west regions. The South had the highest and the Northeast had the lowest rates of MACE (2.9% vs 2.3%) and stroke (1.0% vs 0.8%). The risk of AMI was high for the south and Midwest regions (1.1%). All-cause mortality was highest in South and West regions (0.7%). Multivariate adjusted odds for these cardiovascular events were higher in the West (aOR 1.22; 95%CI 1.12-1.33) followed by South (aOR 1.16; 95%CI 1.07-1.26) regions.
Conclusions:
This population-based study assessing non-elective admissions in the young revealed a higher burden of CVD risk factors and rate of MACCE in the South compared to other areas of the USA. Regional policies should be tailored to the local CVD risk burden.
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