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Xanthan- and Rice Cereal-Based Thickeners in Infants: A Multidisciplinary Single-Center Experience
Andrea Abdulezer1, Patrick Mooney2, Marie-Eve Besner3
1From the University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Insights
Xanthan-based and rice cereal-based milk thickeners showed similar safety profiles in infants. Further research with more patients is needed to confirm these findings for infant feeding safety.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Gastroenterology
- Nutrition
Background:
- Infants aspirating thin liquids require thickened liquids for lung protection.
- The safety of commonly used thickeners, including xanthan-based and rice cereal-based, requires further investigation.
- Xanthan-based thickeners have been linked to necrotizing enterocolitis, while rice cereal-based thickeners are associated with constipation and excessive weight gain.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the rates of adverse events between xanthan-based and rice cereal-based milk thickeners in infants.
- To evaluate the safety profiles of different infant milk thickeners.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective chart review was conducted at a tertiary pediatric care center.
- Infants fed xanthan- or rice cereal-based milk thickeners were included (n=53).
- Adverse events including diarrhea, constipation, overweight, and obesity were assessed at 3-6 and 6-12 months post-initiation.
Main Results:
- No significant differences in rates of diarrhea, constipation, overweight, or obesity were observed between xanthan-based and rice cereal-based thickener groups.
- Eight Canadian pediatric hospitals reported significant variability in thickening practices.
Conclusions:
- Xanthan-based and rice cereal-based milk thickeners appear to have similar safety profiles in infants.
- Larger studies are warranted to confirm these safety findings and inform clinical practice regarding infant feeding strategies.
Abstract:
Some infants aspirate thin liquids and must be fed thickened liquids in order to protect the lungs. However, thickeners have not been fully studied for safety. Xanthan-based thickeners have been implicated in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis and rice cereal-based thickeners have been associated with constipation and excessive weight gain. The aim of this study was to compare rates of adverse events between both thickeners.
Methods:
Single-center retrospective chart review conducted at a tertiary pediatric care center between January 2013 and July 2017. All infants deemed unsafe for oral feeding and treated with xanthan- or rice cereal-based milk thickeners were included. Data were extracted from the medical records and patients categorized according to the type of thickener. Primary outcome was the occurrence of diarrhea, constipation, overweight, and obesity at 3-6 and 6-12 months after thickener initiation. Appropriate statistical tests were used. In addition, an e-mail was sent to 14 level III Canadian Pediatric hospitals inquiring about their practice.
Results:
We identified 53 patients to be included in the study; 20 used xanthan-based- and 33 used rice cereal-based milk thickeners. Rates of diarrhea, constipation, overweight, and obesity at 3-6 and 6-12 months after initiation were not different between thickeners. Important variability concerning thickening practices was reported by the 8 centers that responded.
Conclusions:
In infants treated with milk thickeners, xanthan-based or rice cereal-based thickeners may have similar safety profiles that require further investigation including a larger number of patients.
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