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CD4+CD25+CD127loFOXP3+ cell in food allergy: Does it predict anaphylaxis?
Semiha Bahceci Erdem1, Ferah Genel2, Hikmet Tekin Nacaroglu3
1Çiğli Training and Research Hospital Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Izmir Bakırçay University, Izmir, Turkey.
Allergologia Et Immunopathologia
|May 11, 2023
Summary
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are not significantly different between children with food allergy who experienced anaphylaxis and those who did not. However, lower Treg cell levels were observed in all food allergy patients compared to controls.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Pediatrics
- Allergy Research
Background:
- Food allergy (FA) and food anaphylaxis incidence are increasing public health concerns.
- Biomarkers to predict severe allergic reactions like anaphylaxis in FA patients are lacking.
- Regulatory T (Treg) cells are a potential biomarker for FA severity, but data is limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if regulatory T (Treg) cell levels can predict clinical severity in pediatric food allergy.
- To identify children with FA at higher risk for anaphylaxis.
Main Methods:
- Flow cytometric analysis of CD4+CD25+CD127loFOXP3+ cells (Treg cells) in 70 children.
- Study included 41 children with IgE-mediated cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) (25 non-anaphylactic, 16 anaphylactic) and 29 controls.
- Treg cell analysis was performed at rest, at least 2 weeks post-elimination diet.
Main Results:
- Significantly lower Treg cell rates were found in the overall FA group compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001).
- Both FA groups (with and without anaphylaxis) showed significantly lower Treg cell ratios compared to the control group (p < 0.001).
- No significant difference in Treg cell levels was observed between FA patients who experienced anaphylaxis (FA/A+) and those who did not (FA/A-).
Conclusions:
- This is the first pediatric study to examine CD4+CD25+CD127loFOXP3+ cells as predictors of anaphylaxis in FA.
- While lower Treg cell levels are associated with FA, they did not differentiate between anaphylactic and non-anaphylactic presentations in this cohort.
