Lexical prosodic representation and access in Japanese children with developmental dyslexia
Michiru Iwata1,2, Ryusaku Hashimoto3, Ayumi Seki4
1Department of International Communications, School of International Cultural Relations, Tokai University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
Dyslexia (Chichester, England)
|May 11, 2023
Summary
Children with developmental dyslexia show intact awareness of lexical prosody, similar to their peers. This suggests prosody
Area of Science:
- Developmental Psychology
- Linguistics
- Cognitive Neuroscience
Background:
- Awareness of prosodic information in spoken language is crucial for literacy development.
- Adults with developmental dyslexia exhibit impaired lexical prosodic awareness, despite intact phonological representations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate lexical prosodic representation and awareness in Japanese children with and without developmental dyslexia.
- To examine if prosodic priming effects and fragment identification differ between dyslexic and non-dyslexic children.
Main Methods:
- A cross-modal fragment priming task was used to assess lexical prosodic representation.
- A fragment identification task evaluated prosodic awareness.
- Tasks were adapted for children using familiar words and fewer trials.
Main Results:
- Both groups showed similar prosodic priming effects, with faster lexical decision times in congruent conditions.
- No significant group differences were found in accuracy or reaction time for the fragment identification task.
Conclusions:
- Japanese children with developmental dyslexia demonstrate intact lexical prosodic representation and awareness.
- The relationship between prosody and literacy may vary across languages.
- Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Learning Disabilities
224
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
224
01:22Language Development
409
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
409
01:27Language and Cognition
388
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
388
01:24Components of Language
334
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
334
01:10Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language
944
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
944
01:22Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory
256
Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
256