Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sputum Studies II: Culture and Sensitivity01:20

Sputum Studies II: Culture and Sensitivity

447
Description
Sputum culture and sensitivity is a medical procedure used to diagnose bacterial infections in the respiratory tract and select the most appropriate antibiotics for treatment. This process involves analyzing sputum samples of thick and opaque secretions produced in the lungs and airways. These samples are collected from patients and then sent to the laboratory for analysis.
The test can identify various pathogens responsible for respiratory infections, including Streptococcus,...
447
Sputum Studies I: Gram Stain, cytology, and Acid-fast smear and culture01:26

Sputum Studies I: Gram Stain, cytology, and Acid-fast smear and culture

251
Sputum studies are a critical part of diagnosing and treating numerous respiratory conditions. These studies involve obtaining sputum samples for analysis to identify pathogenic organisms and assess the presence of abnormal cells indicative of malignant conditions. This lesson will delve into three fundamental sputum studies: Gram Stain, Cytology, and Acid-fast Smear and Culture.
Gram Stain
The Gram Stain is an integral part of sputum studies. It involves the staining of sputum, which permits...
251

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Haemodynamic responses to sotatercept and parenteral prostacyclins in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients.

The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation·2026
Same author

Design of PROGRESSION-IPF: A pragmatic, open-label, randomized trial of patients with progressive disease in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Respiratory medicine and research·2026
Same author

Prognostic factors in interstitial lung disease-associated pulmonary hypertension: data from the HYPID cohort and the French Pulmonary Hypertension Registry.

The European respiratory journal·2026
Same author

Influence of tacrolimus concentration-to-dose ratio on CLAD risk in lung transplant recipients.

Transplant immunology·2026
Same author

Organ distribution bias in chest computed tomography scans: A methodological pitfall for visceral adipose tissue measurement.

Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)·2026
Same author

Pectoral muscle area derived from chest computed tomography to identify quadriceps muscle weakness in COPD.

ERJ open research·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Rapid Viscoelastic Characterization of Airway Mucus Using a Benchtop Rheometer
08:47

Rapid Viscoelastic Characterization of Airway Mucus Using a Benchtop Rheometer

Published on: April 21, 2022

3.4K

Sputum handling for rheology.

Lydia Esteban Enjuto1,2, Matthieu Robert de Saint Vincent3,4, Max Maurin5

  • 1Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP, LRP UMR5520, Grenoble, France. estebanl@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr.

Scientific Reports
|May 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Standardizing sputum handling is crucial for accurate rheological measurements in muco-obstructive lung diseases. Freezing and vortexing improve consistency, while heating destroys samples, guiding a unified protocol for rheometry.

More Related Videos

Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing
13:28

Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing

Published on: December 17, 2017

27.7K
Visualization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within the Sputum of Cystic Fibrosis Patients
07:25

Visualization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within the Sputum of Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Published on: July 16, 2020

3.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Rapid Viscoelastic Characterization of Airway Mucus Using a Benchtop Rheometer
08:47

Rapid Viscoelastic Characterization of Airway Mucus Using a Benchtop Rheometer

Published on: April 21, 2022

3.4K
Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing
13:28

Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing

Published on: December 17, 2017

27.7K
Visualization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within the Sputum of Cystic Fibrosis Patients
07:25

Visualization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within the Sputum of Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Published on: July 16, 2020

3.1K

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Sputum rheology is a key biophysical marker for monitoring muco-obstructive pulmonary diseases like cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF bronchiectasis (NCFB).
  • Current sputum sample processing lacks standardization, leading to inconsistent rheological measurement results.
  • Establishing a unified, robust protocol for sputum handling is essential for reliable rheological analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a standardized and robust protocol for handling sputum samples prior to rheological measurements.
  • To investigate the effects of different pre-analytical treatments (heating, freezing, vortexing) on sputum rheology.
  • To understand the impact of sample aging and purulence on sputum viscoelastic properties.

Main Methods:

  • Sputum samples from 22 CF and 10 NCFB adults were subjected to various treatments: fresh (control), non-vortexed, heated, and frozen at -80°C.
  • Rheological properties (elastic and viscous moduli, critical deformation, critical stress) were measured using a rotational rheometer.
  • Ageing effects were studied over 24 hours on 6 CF sputum samples, differentiating between purulent and semi-purulent types.

Main Results:

  • Heating sputum destroyed its rheological properties; freezing at -80°C had no significant effect.
  • Non-destructive vortex homogenization significantly reduced measurement variability caused by macroscopic heterogeneity.
  • Purulent sputum viscoelasticity halved within 6 hours, while semi-purulent samples showed no significant change over time.

Conclusions:

  • A unified protocol for sputum handling in rheometry is proposed, recommending immediate vortexing and snap-freezing post-collection when direct testing is not feasible.
  • Standardized sample preparation, including vortexing and appropriate storage (freezing), is critical for reducing variability and ensuring reliable sputum rheology measurements.
  • Understanding sample ageing based on purulence is vital for interpreting rheological data in muco-obstructive lung diseases.