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Area of Science:

  • Quantum dynamics
  • Molecular physics
  • Attosecond science

Background:

  • Ionization time delay measures electron departure time from molecular states.
  • Hole dynamics involve electron vacancies left after ionization.
  • These processes are crucial for understanding ultrafast molecular reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interdependence of ionization time delay and hole dynamics.
  • To analyze how multiple ionization pathways influence these time delays.
  • To compute and compare these delays in the glycine molecule.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of photoionization processes.
  • Calculation of complex amplitudes for multiple ionization pathways.
  • Computation of ionization and hole dynamics time delays.

Main Results:

  • Ionization time delay and hole dynamics delay are interdependent.
  • Multiple ionization pathways contribute to both time delays.
  • Sudden ionization (zero delay) eliminates hole dynamics delay.
  • Glycine molecule exhibits nonzero hole-density flux immediately post-ionization.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a fundamental link between electron emission and subsequent molecular hole evolution.
  • Understanding these interdependent time delays is key to controlling ultrafast molecular processes.
  • This work provides insights into electron dynamics in molecules following photoionization.