Disseminated visceral Kaposi's sarcoma after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a case report

Cases of disseminated visceral Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are very rare worldwide, and disseminated visceral KS is often rapidly progressive and life-threatening, especially in paediatric patients. Here, the case of a 6-year-old female patient with disseminated visceral KS after allogeneic HSCT for treating severe aplastic anaemia is presented. The authors encountered difficulties in making the diagnosis due to lack of experience, but the diagnosis was achieved relatively quickly and accurately using metagenomic next-generation sequencing. After tapering and withdrawal of immunosuppressant drugs, the patient's condition was controlled. In conclusion, although HSCT-related KS is very rare, it should be considered during differential diagnosis.