Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 30, 2025
08:57
Myosin-Specific Adaptations of In vitro Fluorescence Microscopy-Based Motility Assays
Published on: February 4, 2021
6.0K
Myosin in chromosome organisation and gene expression
Isabel W Shahid-Fuente1, Christopher P Toseland1
1Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.
Biochemical Society Transactions
|May 12, 2023
Summary
Nuclear myosins are crucial for maintaining genomic stability and gene expression. This review details their roles in chromatin structure, DNA repair, and transcription, highlighting their importance beyond the cytoplasm.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Myosin motor proteins are traditionally known for their roles in the cytoplasm and cytoskeleton.
- Emerging research reveals significant functions of nuclear myosins within the cell nucleus.
Approach:
- This review synthesizes current evidence on four key nuclear myosins.
- It examines their specific molecular mechanisms and functional impacts.
Key Points:
- Nuclear myosins are essential for maintaining chromatin structure and integrity.
- These proteins play critical roles in chromosome translocation and DNA damage repair.
- They also regulate gene expression through transcription modulation.
Conclusions:
- Nuclear myosins are vital for genomic stability and overall cellular function.
- Further research into nuclear myosins can uncover new therapeutic targets for genetic disorders.
Related Concept Videos
01:18Role of Myosin in Cell Migration
2.3K
Myosins are multimeric motor proteins involved in various cellular processes such as migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Myosin II is the most common type in animal cells, which binds and cross-links actin filaments.
Myosin II is a hexamer comprising two heavy chains with globular heads and coiled-coil tails, two regulatory light chains, and two essential light chains. The ATPase sites on the myosin heads hydrolyze ATP, and the released phosphate generates the force for contraction....
Myosin II is a hexamer comprising two heavy chains with globular heads and coiled-coil tails, two regulatory light chains, and two essential light chains. The ATPase sites on the myosin heads hydrolyze ATP, and the released phosphate generates the force for contraction....
2.3K
01:15Overview of Myosin Structure and Function
4.5K
Myosins are a family of molecular motor proteins, first identified in the skeletal muscles, where they are responsible for muscle contraction. Along with their role in muscle contraction, these proteins also play a role in the intracellular transport of molecules and vesicles. There are twenty-four classes of myosins based on their domain sequence and organization. Of the twenty-four, six classes (Myosin I, Myosin II, Myosin V, Myosin VI, Myosin VII, and Myosin X) have been well...
4.5K
02:35Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression
23.4K
Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area.
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
23.4K
02:11Forces Acting on Chromosomes
3.4K
During mitosis, chromosome movements occur through the interplay of multiple piconewton level forces. In prometaphase, these forces help in chromosome assembly or congression at the equatorial plane, eventually leading to their alignment at the metaphase plate. The forces acting on the chromosomes are space and time-dependent; therefore, they vary with the position of the chromosomes as the cell progresses through mitosis.
Microtubules and motor proteins exert two types of forces on...
Microtubules and motor proteins exert two types of forces on...
3.4K
02:54Nucleosome Remodeling
9.2K
Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
9.2K
01:08The Sarcomere
8.3K
A sarcomere is a microscopic segment repeating in a myofibril. The sarcomere fundamentally consists of two main myofilaments: thick filaments called myosin and thin filaments called actin. These filaments interact by sliding past each other in response to stimulus. In addition to myosin and actin, several other proteins, such as tropomyosin, troponin, titin, nebulin, myomesin, α-actinin, and dystrophin, play crucial roles in regulating, structuring, and functioning of the sarcomere.
Each...
Each...
8.3K