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Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Pediatric Health
  • Telemedicine

Background:

  • Rural children face healthcare access disparities, increasing reliance on emergency services for preventive care.
  • School-based telemedicine (SBT) programs aim to bridge this gap by delivering care directly in educational settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of SBT on avoidable emergency department (ED) utilization among rural, underserved pediatric patients.
  • To assess the association between virtual care visits and changes in ED visit frequency.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of electronic health records and claims data from a large healthcare system.
  • Quasi-experimental, before-and-after design comparing 12-month periods around virtual care visits.
  • Inclusion of 1,236 pediatric patients across three rural North Carolina counties (2017-2020).

Main Results:

  • A 33% reduction in the odds of avoidable ED visits was observed post-SBT implementation.
  • The estimated count of avoidable ED visits decreased by 26%.
  • No significant changes were found in unavoidable ED visits, indicating targeted impact on preventable care.

Conclusions:

  • School-based telemedicine effectively improves healthcare access for rural pediatric populations.
  • SBT can mitigate the burden on emergency services by reducing avoidable ED visits.
  • Policy support and increased telemedicine adoption, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, can further reduce health disparities.