Neuromuscular retraining therapy combined with preceding botulinum toxin A injection for chronic facial paralysis

Neuromuscular retraining therapy (NMRT) is the central treatment for synkinesis. The efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) may be enhanced with the addition of physical therapy.

To investigate the effects of NMRT combined with preceding BTX-A injection (NMRT-B) on facial synkinesis and asymmetry in chronic facial paralysis.

We recruited 99 patients with unilateral facial paralysis and no recovery for > 6 months who underwent NMRT-B for > 1 year. The patients were scheduled to receive NMRT after 1-2 weeks of BTX-A injection. We used a computer-based numerical scoring system to evaluate the facial functions. Primary, secondary, and final facial movement scores were evaluated before and after 1 year of treatment.

Patients with chronic facial paralysis who underwent NMRT-B exhibited improved facial movement after 1 year of treatment. NMRT-B provided satisfactory control of synkinesis and improved the primary movements. The mean primary and final facial movement scores were significantly increased after treatment, while the mean secondary facial movement scores were significantly decreased.

NMRT-B improved the final facial movement in patients with chronic facial paralysis and synkinesis, regardless of the degrees of facial synkinesis and asymmetry before treatment.