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Endorsement of TNBC Biomarkers in Precision Therapy by Nanotechnology
Aiswarya Chaudhuri1, Dulla Naveen Kumar1, Deepa Dehari1
1Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
Abstract:
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease which accounts globally for approximately 1 million new cases annually, wherein more than 200,000 of these cases turn out to be cases of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). TNBC is an aggressive and rare breast cancer subtype that accounts for 10-15% of all breast cancer cases. Chemotherapy remains the only therapy regimen against TNBC. However, the emergence of innate or acquired chemoresistance has hindered the chemotherapy used to treat TNBC. The data obtained from molecular technologies have recognized TNBC with various gene profiling and mutation settings that have helped establish and develop targeted therapies. New therapeutic strategies based on the targeted delivery of therapeutics have relied on the application of biomarkers derived from the molecular profiling of TNBC patients. Several biomarkers have been found that are targets for the precision therapy in TNBC, such as EGFR, VGFR, TP53, interleukins, insulin-like growth factor binding proteins, c-MET, androgen receptor, BRCA1, glucocorticoid, PTEN, ALDH1, etc. This review discusses the various candidate biomarkers identified in the treatment of TNBC along with the evidence supporting their use. It was established that nanoparticles had been considered a multifunctional system for delivering therapeutics to target sites with increased precision. Here, we also discuss the role of biomarkers in nanotechnology translation in TNBC therapy and management.
Insights
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is aggressive, and chemoresistance limits treatment. Biomarkers identified through molecular profiling offer new precision therapy targets, including applications in nanotechnology for enhanced drug delivery.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype, representing 10-15% of all breast cancer cases.
- Chemotherapy is the primary treatment, but chemoresistance poses a significant challenge in TNBC management.
- Molecular profiling has revealed TNBC's heterogeneity, identifying potential targets for novel therapies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review candidate biomarkers for precision therapy in TNBC.
- To discuss the role of biomarkers in advancing nanotechnology-based therapeutic strategies for TNBC.
- To highlight the potential of targeted drug delivery systems in overcoming TNBC treatment limitations.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of studies on TNBC biomarkers and targeted therapies.
- Analysis of molecular profiling data to identify key gene mutations and expression patterns in TNBC.
- Exploration of nanotechnology applications for targeted drug delivery in TNBC treatment.
Main Results:
- Numerous biomarkers (e.g., EGFR, VEGFR, TP53, AR, BRCA1) have been identified as potential targets for precision medicine in TNBC.
- Molecular insights into TNBC subtypes are crucial for developing effective targeted therapies.
- Nanoparticles show promise as multifunctional systems for precise therapeutic delivery in TNBC.
Conclusions:
- Biomarker discovery is pivotal for developing targeted and precision therapies for TNBC.
- Nanotechnology offers a promising platform for enhancing the efficacy and specificity of TNBC treatments.
- Integrating biomarker knowledge with nanotechnology advancements can significantly improve TNBC patient outcomes.
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