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Related Concept Videos

Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

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Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several...
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Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers01:22

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers

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Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are used to treat various types of arrhythmias or irregular heart rhythms. These drugs block the sodium (Na+) channels in the cardiac cells, thereby affecting the movement of electrical impulses across the heart. Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are divided into three subgroups: Class IA, Class IB, and Class IC, each with distinct mechanisms of action and effects on the heart.
Class 1A Antiarrhythmic Drugs: These drugs work by moderately blocking sodium channels,...
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Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

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Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism....
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers01:08

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

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Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers01:17

Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers

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Calcium channel blockers, a class of antiepileptic drugs, regulate the flow of calcium ions within neurons.
Calcium channel blockers exert their antiepileptic effects by targeting T-type calcium channels, which are integral to transmitting nerve signals in the central nervous system. These channels allow the passage of calcium ions, which are vital for neuronal communication. By inhibiting T-type calcium channels, calcium channel blockers effectively reduce the release of neurotransmitters and...
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Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Demonstration of Proteolytic Activation of the Epithelial Sodium Channel ENaC by Combining Current Measurements with Detection of Cleavage Fragments
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The Epithelial Sodium Channel-An Underestimated Drug Target.

Rosa Lemmens-Gruber1, Susan Tzotzos2

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) are crucial in various diseases. This review highlights recent advancements in developing novel therapeutic agents targeting ENaC dysfunction for improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Liddle syndromeTIP peptidescystic fibrosisepithelial sodium channelgain- and loss-of-function mutationspseudohypoaldosteronism type 1Bsetanaxibsolnatide

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A Fluorescence-Based Assay of Membrane Potential for High-Throughput Functional Study of Two Endogenous Ion Channels in Two Epithelial Cell Lines
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Demonstration of Proteolytic Activation of the Epithelial Sodium Channel ENaC by Combining Current Measurements with Detection of Cleavage Fragments
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Demonstration of Proteolytic Activation of the Epithelial Sodium Channel ENaC by Combining Current Measurements with Detection of Cleavage Fragments

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A Fluorescence-Based Assay of Membrane Potential for High-Throughput Functional Study of Two Endogenous Ion Channels in Two Epithelial Cell Lines
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Author Spotlight: Exploring the Role of Ion Channels in Cancer: Characterization and Potential Treatment Approaches
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) are integral to complex biochemical pathways.
  • ENaC dysfunction, caused by mutations, leads to diverse diseases like Liddle syndrome and cystic fibrosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent developments in novel therapeutic agents targeting ENaC.
  • To understand ENaC molecular mechanisms for pharmacological targeting.
  • To identify new therapeutic targets for ENaC-related disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on ENaC modifiers and therapeutic agents.
  • Analysis of in vitro and animal model studies.
  • Examination of ongoing clinical trials for ENaC-targeting drugs.

Main Results:

  • Numerous compounds show promise in preclinical studies, with some advancing to clinical trials.
  • Solnatide (for ARDS), Setanaxib (for liver diseases), and Amiloride (for hypertension) are in various trial phases.
  • Recent developments focus on novel agents for ENaC-related conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting ENaC offers a promising therapeutic strategy for various diseases.
  • Continued research into ENaC modifiers is essential for discovering new treatments.
  • Translating preclinical findings into clinical success remains a key challenge.