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Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite 0.05% on MMP-9 Extracellular Release in Chronic Wounds
Rosanna Maniscalco1, Giorgina Mangano2, Alessandra Capezzone de Joannon3
1Unit of Clinical Biochemistry, Section of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
Background:
In chronic wounds, high concentrations of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) can cause excessive proteolysis and slow wound healing. Consequently, restoring a proper MMP balance can help reduce the risk of a chronic wound. An antiseptic solution containing 0.05% sodium hypochlorite (Amukine Med 0.05%, Angelini S.p.A.; hereafter termed NaClO solution) is available on the market. The NaClO solution was proven effective and safe in managing infected skin wounds. To further characterize its activity, this study evaluated the in vitro activity of the NaClO solution on the monocyte release of MMPs.
Methods:
Human monocytic THP-1 (ATCC® TIB-202™) cell lines were differentiated into macrophages and treated with different concentrations of NaClO (from 0.05% to 5 × 10-7%). In addition, the THP-1 cell line was stimulated with wound fluid (WF) from patients with active venous leg ulcers in the inflammatory phase. The effect of NaClO (0.025-0.0062%) was also evaluated on healthy human peripheral blood serum samples. The effects of treatments on the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-9 were evaluated by gelatin zymography. The effects on MMPs release were evaluated through the Pro™ Human MMP 9-plex Assay. An exploratory scratch wound healing assay was also performed.
Results:
The NaClO solution reduced the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-9 and its activated form. The downregulation of MMP-9 gelatinolytic activity was also observed in peripheral blood serum. The MMPs profile showed a reduction in MMP-1 release (p < 0.05) and a slight reduction of the release of MMP-9 and MMP-12 after the treatment with LPS and the NaClO solution. A slight improvement in wound healing was observed after macrophage activation and treatment with the NaClO solution.
Conclusions:
The results obtained suggest a possible ability of the NaClO solution to modulate the proteolytic pathways in the wound microenvironment, further characterizing its activity and use in clinical practice during wound care.
Insights
Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) solution reduced matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in vitro. This antiseptic may help balance MMPs in chronic wounds, potentially improving wound healing.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Cell Biology
- Wound Healing Research
Background:
- Chronic wounds exhibit elevated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), hindering healing through excessive proteolysis.
- Balancing MMPs is crucial for effective chronic wound management.
- Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) solution is an antiseptic with proven efficacy and safety in infected skin wounds.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the in vitro effects of NaClO solution on monocyte-derived MMP release.
- To characterize the activity of NaClO solution on MMPs involved in wound proteolysis.
Main Methods:
- Human monocytic THP-1 cells were differentiated into macrophages and treated with varying NaClO concentrations.
- Macrophage activation was induced using wound fluid from venous leg ulcers.
- MMP-9 gelatinolytic activity was assessed via zymography; MMP release was quantified using a multiplex assay. Peripheral blood serum and scratch wound healing assays were also employed.
Main Results:
- NaClO solution significantly reduced MMP-9 gelatinolytic activity in both cell cultures and serum.
- A reduction in MMP-1 release (p < 0.05) and a slight decrease in MMP-9 and MMP-12 release were observed.
- Exploratory assays indicated a slight improvement in wound healing following NaClO treatment.
Conclusions:
- NaClO solution demonstrates potential in modulating proteolytic pathways within the wound microenvironment.
- These findings support the further characterization and clinical application of NaClO solution in wound care.
- The study suggests NaClO solution's role in managing MMPs contributes to its therapeutic benefits in wound management.
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