Development of Two-Dimensional Functional Nanomaterials for Biosensor Applications: Opportunities, Challenges, and...

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Recent advancements in functional nanomaterials and nanostructure engineering enable new field-deployable biosensor development.
• Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials possess unique physical, chemical, and mechanical properties due to their ultra-thin, high-surface-area structures.
• The inherent characteristics of 2D nanomaterials, such as layered topologies and porosity, allow for tailored surface modifications for targeted analyte identification.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review various approaches for utilizing 2D nanomaterials in biomolecule detection.
• To summarize the advantages and disadvantages of employing 2D nanomaterials in biosensing applications.
• To discuss the current opportunities and challenges in the field of 2D material-based biosensors.

Main Methods:

• Compilation of existing research on 2D nanomaterial applications in biosensing.
• Analysis of the synthesis and modification (e.g., with enzymes, composite materials) of 2D nanomaterials.
• Review of the implementation of 2D material-based biosensors for bioanalysis and disease diagnosis.

Main Results:

• 2D nanomaterials provide a versatile platform for creating biosensing systems with enhanced reliability, selectivity, and sensitivity.
• Integration of diverse nanostructures as scaffolds for biomolecular assemblies improves analyte identification.
• The review details methods for synthesizing and modifying 2D nanomaterials for specific biosensing tasks.

Conclusions:

• 2D nanomaterials present significant potential for advancing biosensor technology, particularly for point-of-care diagnostics.
• Overcoming challenges in synthesis, modification, and integration is key to realizing the full potential of these materials.
• Further research into 2D material-based biosensors will drive innovation in efficient bioanalysis and disease diagnosis.