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When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...
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Polypropylene Degradation on Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruders.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science and Engineering
  • Materials Processing and Compounding

Background:

  • Compounding additives into base polymers is crucial for creating usable plastic materials with specific properties.
  • Co-rotating twin-screw extruders are commonly used for polymer compounding, but process-induced thermal and mechanical stress can cause irreversible material degradation.
  • Previous studies at Kunststofftechnik Paderborn have modeled polypropylene (PP) degradation on a 28 mm twin-screw extruder.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the transferability of existing polypropylene degradation models to different machine sizes (25 mm and 45 mm extruders).
  • To evaluate the degradation behavior of polypropylene compounds containing titanium dioxide and carbon fibers.
  • To validate and adapt a previously developed material degradation calculation model for broader applicability.

Main Methods:

  • Processing of pure polypropylene on 25 mm and 45 mm screw diameter extruders.
  • Processing of polypropylene compounds (with titanium dioxide and carbon fibers) on a 28 mm extruder.
  • Measurement of melt flow rates (MFR) for pure PP and calculation of molar masses.
  • Analysis of compounds using gel permeation chromatography (GPC).

Main Results:

  • High rotational speeds, low throughputs, and high melt temperatures consistently lead to increased material degradation, consistent with prior findings.
  • The previously developed material degradation model can predict degradation across different machine sizes with adjusted process coefficients.
  • The study provides insights into the degradation behavior of PP when compounded with additives like titanium dioxide and carbon fibers.

Conclusions:

  • The material degradation model for polypropylene is transferable to different extruder sizes, enabling broader application.
  • Compounders can utilize the provided recommendations and calculation model to design material-gentle processes for polypropylene, regardless of machine size.
  • Optimizing processing parameters is key to minimizing irreversible damage and maintaining polymer properties during compounding.