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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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In a magnetic field, moving charges encounter a force. If a wire contains these moving charges, i.e., if the wire is carrying a current, then a force acts on the wire as well. Consider a pair of flexible leads holding a wire that is 40 cm long and 10 g in weight in a horizontal position. The wire is placed in a constant magnetic field of 0.40 T, as shown in Figure 1(a). Determine the magnitude and direction of the current flowing in the wire needed to remove the tension in the supporting leads.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 30, 2025

An Additive Manufacturing Technique for the Facile and Rapid Fabrication of Hydrogel-based Micromachines with Magnetically Responsive Components
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Bio-Inspired Magnetically Controlled Reversibly Actuating Multimaterial Fibers.

Muhammad Farhan1, Daniel S Hartstein1, Yvonne Pieper1

  • 1Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany.

Polymers
|May 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed magnetic multimaterial fibers (MMFs) that mimic plant tendrils. These artificial tendrils reversibly coil and uncoil using magnetic fields, offering new possibilities for soft robotics.

Keywords:
inductive heatingmagnetic nanocompositemultimaterial fibersplant inspired movementsremote actuationshape-memory polymerssoft actuators and roboticstendrils

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Robotics
  • Biomimicry

Background:

  • Plant movements, like tendril coiling, inspire robotic actuator designs.
  • Multimaterial systems with varying elastic moduli are key to mimicking these movements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop magnetically controllable multimaterial fibers (MMFs) that act as artificial tendrils.
  • To achieve reversible coiling and uncoiling actuation in MMFs using alternating magnetic fields.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of MMFs with a poly[ethylene-co-(vinyl acetate)] (PEVA) core and a magnetic nanocomposite shell.
  • Utilizing the core's temperature-dependent expansion/contraction and the shell's inductive heating for actuation.
  • Investigating the effect of magnetic field application and removal on MMF coiling behavior.

Main Results:

  • MMFs demonstrated magnetically triggered reversible coiling and uncoiling.
  • A degree of coiling (N) of 0.8 ± 0.2 was achieved upon magnetic field application.
  • Reversible coiling change (Δn) of 2 ± 0.5 was observed upon magnetic field removal.
  • Composites required ≥ 15 wt% magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs) for effective inductive heating and movement.

Conclusions:

  • Developed MMFs provide magnetically controlled, remote, and reversible actuation for artificial tendrils.
  • These MMFs show potential as fiber actuators in soft robotics applications.
  • The study highlights the successful biomimicry of plant tendril movements using advanced material systems.