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Area of Science:

  • Atomic physics
  • Magnetometry
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • Measuring transverse magnetic field vector components is crucial for various applications.
  • Atomic scalar magnetometers offer high sensitivity but typically measure only the field's magnitude.
  • Separating vector components requires advanced techniques to interpret scalar measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare three distinct feedback methods for measuring magnetic field vector components.
  • To assess the effectiveness of these methods with a synchronous light-pulse atomic scalar magnetometer.
  • To evaluate performance in Earth-field-scale magnetic environments with high sensitivity (tens of fT/Hz).

Main Methods:

  • Applied magnetic field modulation along orthogonal axes to separate vector components.
  • Utilized high-speed least-squares fitting to monitor atomic spin phase response.
  • Adjusted phase response into resonance with the Larmor precession frequency.
  • Investigated three feedback methods, with initial tests using modulation along the bias field only.

Main Results:

  • All three feedback methods demonstrated good agreement with scalar magnetometer measurements.
  • The accuracy of the vector component measurements correlated with applied modulation amplitude.
  • Optimal feedback response was identified as critical for achieving low relative uncertainty.

Conclusions:

  • The presented feedback methods show promise for measuring magnetic field vector components using atomic scalar magnetometers.
  • Successful implementation depends on precise control of magnetic field modulation and feedback parameters.
  • Further development is warranted for full vector component measurement capabilities.