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Explaining the gender gap in COVID-19 vaccination attitudes
1Institute of Public Administration, Leiden University, The Hague, The Netherlands.
European Journal of Public Health
|May 13, 2023
Summary
Women show greater COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy than men, largely due to perceiving higher risks than benefits. This gender gap in vaccine attitudes persists even after accounting for various factors, indicating a need for further investigation.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Social Science
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Women exhibit higher hesitancy and refusal rates for COVID-19 vaccination compared to men.
- This gender disparity is counterintuitive given women's generally higher risk perception of COVID-19 and greater compliance with public health measures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the gender gap in COVID-19 vaccination attitudes across 27 European countries.
- To identify key factors contributing to women's hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccines.
Main Methods:
- Utilized two nationally representative public opinion surveys conducted in February and May 2021.
- Employed generalized additive models and multivariate logistic regression for data analysis.
Main Results:
- Concerns regarding pregnancy, fertility, breastfeeding, trust in online information, and lower trust in health authorities did not explain the gender gap.
- Women's belief in the COVID-19 vaccines' unsafety and ineffectiveness significantly contributes to their lower perceived net benefit of vaccination.
Conclusions:
- The gender gap in vaccine hesitancy is primarily driven by women perceiving greater risks than benefits associated with COVID-19 vaccines.
- While identified factors reduce the gap, they do not eliminate it, highlighting the need for continued research into vaccine hesitancy among women.
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