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Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Studying the Effects of Tumor-Secreted Paracrine Ligands on Macrophage Activation using Co-Culture with Permeable Membrane Supports
Published on: November 28, 2019
Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) to enhance antitumor immunity
Sajin Rajbhandary1, Hari Dhakal2, Sudip Shrestha3
1Department of Medical Oncology, Nepal Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Satdobato-Godawari Road, Lalitpur, Nepal. sazinr@gmail.com.
Abstract:
The tumor microenvironment is a result of dynamic interaction between different cellular and non-cellular components. In its essence it is not a solo performer, but an ensemble of performers that includes cancer cells, fibroblasts, myo-fibroblasts, endothelial cells and immune cells. The short review highlights important immune infiltrates within the tumor microenvironment that shape cytotoxic t lymphocyte (CTL)-rich immune hot and CTL-deficient immune cold tumors and novel strategies that have potential role in enhancing our immune responses in both immune hot and immune cold tumors.
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