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MicroRNA in medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw: a review
Siti Salmiah Mohd Yunus1, Hui Yuh Soh1, Mariati Abdul Rahman2
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Abstract:
Medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a condition caused by inhibition of the osteoclast activity by the anti-resorptive and anti-angiogenic drugs. Clinically, there is an exposure of the necrotic bone or a fistula which fails to heal for more than 8 weeks. The adjacent soft tissue is inflamed and pus may be present as a result of the secondary infection. To date, there is no consistent biomarker that could aid in the diagnosis of the disease. The aim of this review was to explore the literature on the microRNAs (miRNAs) related to medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw, and to describe the role of each miRNA as a biomarker for diagnostic purpose and others. Its role in therapeutics was also searched. It was shown that miR-21, miR-23a, and miR-145 were significantly different in a study involving multiple myeloma patients as well as in a human-animal study while miR-23a-3p and miR-23b-3p were 12- to 14-fold upregulated compared to the control group in an animal study. The role of the microRNAs in these studies were for diagnostics, predictor of progress of MRONJ and pathogenesis. Apart from its potential diagnostics role, microRNAs have been shown to be bone resorption regulator through miR-21, miR-23a and miR-145 and this could be utilized therapeutically.
Insights
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) show promise as biomarkers for diagnosing medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Certain miRNAs, like miR-21, miR-23a, and miR-145, are implicated in MRONJ
Area of Science:
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Biomolecular Research
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a serious condition linked to anti-resorptive and anti-angiogenic drugs.
- Current diagnostic methods for MRONJ lack consistent biomarkers.
- MRONJ is characterized by exposed necrotic bone and delayed healing, often with secondary infection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and analyze the literature on microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ).
- To explore the potential of specific miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for MRONJ.
- To investigate the therapeutic implications of miRNAs in MRONJ management.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies investigating miRNAs in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.
- Analysis of miRNA expression levels in patient cohorts and animal models.
- Examination of the functional roles of identified miRNAs in bone resorption and disease pathogenesis.
Main Results:
- miR-21, miR-23a, and miR-145 showed significant differences in studies involving multiple myeloma patients and in human-animal models.
- miR-23a-3p and miR-23b-3p were found to be significantly upregulated in an animal model of MRONJ.
- These miRNAs are implicated in MRONJ diagnostics, predicting disease progression, and understanding pathogenesis.
Conclusions:
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) demonstrate potential as diagnostic biomarkers for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ).
- Specific miRNAs, including miR-21, miR-23a, and miR-145, regulate bone resorption and may offer therapeutic avenues.
- Further research into miRNA roles could lead to improved MRONJ diagnosis and treatment strategies.
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