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Implicit theories shape responses to social-evaluative threat.

Máire B Ford1

  • 1Department of Psychological Science, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

Frontiers in Psychology
|May 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Understanding implicit theories, or mindsets, can buffer individuals from social-evaluative threat (SET). An incremental mindset protected social self-esteem and reduced rumination, unlike an entity mindset.

Keywords:
implicit theoriesmindsetruminationself-esteemsocial threatsocial-evaluative threat

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Area of Science:

  • Social psychology
  • Psychological science
  • Mindset research

Background:

  • Social-evaluative threat (SET) poses risks to psychological well-being.
  • Individual differences in vulnerability to SET require investigation.
  • Implicit theories (mindsets) may influence responses to social threat.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the role of implicit theories in moderating responses to social-evaluative threat.
  • To investigate how incremental versus entity mindsets affect psychological and physiological reactions to SET.
  • To understand factors contributing to resilience against social threat.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental design with 124 participants.
  • Induction of incremental or entity theories of social skills.
  • Exposure to laboratory-based social-evaluative threat.
  • Assessment of psychological (social self-esteem, rumination, concerns) and physiological (heart-rate variability) responses.

Main Results:

  • Participants with an induced incremental theory showed greater resilience to SET.
  • Incremental mindset buffered against negative impacts on social self-esteem and rumination.
  • Incremental theory also reduced spontaneous mentions of social skill concerns.
  • The effect on heart-rate variability approached, but did not reach, statistical significance.

Conclusions:

  • Implicit theories significantly shape responses to social-evaluative threat.
  • An incremental mindset offers protective benefits against the detrimental effects of SET.
  • Mindset interventions may be a viable strategy to enhance psychological resilience to social threat.