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Heart Valves

Heart Valves

The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...

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Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Combining 3D-Printing and Electrospinning to Manufacture Biomimetic Heart Valve Leaflets

Combining 3D-Printing and Electrospinning to Manufacture Biomimetic Heart Valve Leaflets

Published on: March 23, 2022

An Algorithm for Automatic Generation and Evaluation of Leaflet Apparatus Models for Heart Valve Prostheses.

P S Onischenko¹, K Yu Klyshnikov², Е А Ovcharenko³

¹Junior Researcher, Laboratory of New Biomaterials, Department of Experimental Medicine; Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Blvd, Kemerovo, 650002, Russia.

Sovremennye Tekhnologii V Meditsine

|May 14, 2023

Summary

This study presents an algorithm for automatically generating prosthetic heart valve models to optimize performance. The algorithm minimizes stress and maximizes opening area, aiding in the development of better artificial heart valves.

Keywords:

algorithm for generation and evaluation of leaflet apparatuses heart valve prosthesis simulation

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Computational Fluid Dynamics
Prosthetic Device Design

Background:

Designing prosthetic heart valves requires optimizing leaflet apparatus geometry for mechanical performance and flow characteristics.
Accurate modeling is crucial for predicting stress distribution and orifice area, impacting device longevity and efficacy.
Existing methods may lack efficiency in exploring a wide range of design parameters.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate an algorithm for the automated generation of leaflet apparatus models for prosthetic heart valves.
To optimize model parameters for minimizing stress-strain states and maximizing the geometric orifice area.
To facilitate research and development of novel prosthetic valve designs.

Main Methods:

An algorithm comprising 'Generator', 'Modeling', and 'Analysis' blocks was developed.
The 'Generator' block creates 3D leaflet models based on input parameters (height, radius, thickness, etc.).
Finite element method (FEM) was used for numerical simulation of valve function, followed by statistical analysis of von Mises stresses and orifice area calculation.

Main Results:

Algorithm verification against Trifecta bioprosthesis data showed lumen area deviations of 2.85% (19mm), 14.81% (21mm), and 23.17% (23mm).
Leaflet thickness was identified as the primary factor influencing opening degree and stress levels.
1517 designs were generated; 278 met criteria (>80% opening, <4 MPa stress), with 3 optimal designs selected for each size, exhibiting high opening degrees and low stress.

Conclusions:

The developed algorithm enables automated 3D model generation, FEM simulation, and analysis for prosthetic heart valve leaflet apparatus.
Verification confirmed the algorithm's capability, despite material property data limitations.
The algorithm is suitable for research, development, and optimization of prosthetic valve designs.