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Monkeypox: a global health emergency.

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Lessons from smallpox and COVID-19 aid in managing monkeypox (mpox) outbreaks. Past smallpox research and current pandemic insights offer crucial tools to prevent mpox from becoming a global health crisis.

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ACAM2000modified vaccinia Ankaramonkeypoxmpoxsmallpoxtecovirimatzoonotic disease

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The recent emergence of monkeypox (mpox) virus infections has caused global concern, drawing parallels to the eradicated smallpox virus and raising fears of another pandemic.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic has provided valuable lessons in managing global health crises.
  • Mpox shares similarities with smallpox, belonging to the same Orthopoxvirus genus, suggesting potential cross-protection and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the current global health issue posed by the mpox virus.
  • To integrate various aspects of mpox, including its structure, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, prevention, and treatment.
  • To discuss the global approach to managing the ongoing mpox phenomenon.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing knowledge on mpox, drawing parallels with smallpox.
  • It incorporates lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic response.
  • Information is presented by examining viral structure, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • Smallpox and mpox viruses exhibit significant similarities in structure, pathogenesis, and transmission due to their shared genus (Orthopoxvirus).
  • Antivirals and vaccines previously developed for smallpox are effective against mpox.
  • Understanding past viral outbreaks and current pandemic management strategies is key to controlling mpox.

Conclusions:

  • Leveraging knowledge from smallpox research and COVID-19 pandemic management is crucial for preventing widespread mpox outbreaks.
  • Existing smallpox countermeasures can be effectively repurposed for mpox prevention and treatment.
  • A coordinated global strategy is essential to address the mpox virus as a significant public health concern.