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Gut microbiota and cardiac arrhythmia

Hongxuan Fan1, Xuchang Liu2, Zhaoyu Ren1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
|May 14, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Gut microbiota (GM) significantly impacts cardiac arrhythmia through various metabolites. Understanding these microbial-host interactions offers novel therapeutic strategies for preventing and treating heart rhythm disorders.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Microbiology
  • Metabolomics

Background:

  • Cardiac arrhythmia is a prevalent cardiovascular disease with incompletely understood causes.
  • Gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites are increasingly recognized for their significant influence on cardiovascular health.
  • GM's intricate role in cardiac arrhythmia presents potential avenues for prevention, development, treatment, and prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms by which GM and its metabolites impact cardiac arrhythmia.
  • To explore the relationship between GM-derived metabolites and established cardiac arrhythmia mechanisms.
  • To summarize differences in GM and metabolites between arrhythmia populations and healthy individuals, and introduce therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on microbial-host cross-talk in cardiac arrhythmia.
  • Analysis of metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), Indoxyl sulfate (IS), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln), and bile acids (BA).
  • Examination of mechanisms including structural and electrophysiological remodeling, nervous system regulation, immune regulation, inflammation, and programmed cell death.

Main Results:

  • GM metabolites are linked to cardiac arrhythmia through diverse mechanisms, including immune and inflammatory pathways.
  • Distinct alterations in GM composition and metabolite profiles are observed in atrial and ventricular arrhythmias compared to healthy controls.
  • Potential therapeutic strategies involve modulating GM, such as probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and immunomodulators.

Conclusions:

  • GM plays a substantial role in cardiac arrhythmia via multiple pathways, offering a broad spectrum of potential therapeutic targets.
  • Targeting GM and its metabolites represents a promising, albeit challenging, frontier for reducing cardiac arrhythmia risk.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate these complex interactions and develop effective interventions.

Keywords:
GMcardiac arrhythmiamechanismmetabolitesreview

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