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Principles and Terminology for Host-Microbiome-Drug Interactions.

Alya Heirali1,2, Shirin Moossavi3,4, Marie Claire Arrieta3,4

  • 1Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Open Forum Infectious Diseases
|May 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We propose two terms for drug-microbiome interactions: "pharmacomicrobiomics" (microbiome effects on drugs) and "pharmacoecology" (drug effects on the microbiome). Both are crucial for understanding drug safety and efficacy.

Keywords:
antimicrobial drugsmicrobiomenon-antimicrobial drugspharmacoecologypharmacomicrobiomics

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • The interplay between the human microbiome and medical treatments is complex and bidirectional.
  • Existing terminology, such as "pharmacomicrobiomics," addresses the microbiome's influence on drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
  • A gap exists in describing the reciprocal impact of medical interventions on the microbiome's composition and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and define the term "pharmacoecology" to describe the effects of drugs and medical interventions on the microbiome.
  • To differentiate "pharmacoecology" from "pharmacomicrobiomics" while highlighting their complementary nature.
  • To emphasize the importance of both concepts in evaluating drug safety, efficacy, and overall drug-microbiome interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual framework development.
  • Literature review of existing research on drug-microbiome interactions.
  • Definition and distinction of proposed terminology.

Main Results:

  • Introduction of "pharmacoecology" as a distinct but complementary concept to "pharmacomicrobiomics."
  • Demonstration of the bidirectional nature of drug-microbiome interactions.
  • Application of these concepts to both antimicrobial and non-antimicrobial medications.

Conclusions:

  • "Pharmacomicrobiomics" and "pharmacoecology" are essential, distinct, and complementary terms for understanding drug-microbiome dynamics.
  • Both concepts are critical for comprehensive assessment of drug safety, efficacy, and therapeutic outcomes.
  • Further research integrating both perspectives will advance personalized medicine and optimize therapeutic strategies.