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The principle of conservation of mass is a fundamental law in fluid mechanics and is applied using the continuity equation. We apply the concept to a finite control volume to derive the continuity equation.
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An applied magnetic field causes the electrons present in the molecule to circulate, setting up a local diamagnetic current within the molecule. The local diamagnetic current arising from circulating sigma-bonding electrons induces a magnetic field, Blocal that opposes the applied magnetic field, B0. The effective magnetic field experienced by these nuclei is given by the difference between the applied and local magnetic fields in a phenomenon called local diamagnetic shielding. Essentially,...
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Constraining light thermal inelastic dark matter with NA64.

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New constraints on inelastic dark matter (iDM) and inelastic Dirac dark matter (i2DM) were established using NA64 experiment data. These findings explore semi-visible particles and the MeV to GeV mass range for dark matter.

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Area of Science:

  • Particle Physics
  • Cosmology
  • Dark Matter Physics

Background:

  • A vector portal framework connects the Standard Model with the dark sector, offering a compelling model for thermal dark matter.
  • Inelastic dark matter (iDM) and inelastic Dirac dark matter (i2DM) models, through co-annihilations, can explain the observed relic density in the MeV to GeV mass range without violating cosmological limits.
  • The vector mediator in these models acts as a semi-visible particle, bypassing conventional detection limits for visible or invisible resonances and opening new parameter space, potentially explaining the muon anomaly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To place new constraints on iDM and i2DM models using data from the NA64 experiment.
  • To analyze the parameter space and projected reach of NA64 for semi-visible particle searches.
  • To motivate optimized search strategies for semi-visible particles at fixed-target experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a more inclusive signal definition at the NA64 experiment.
  • Employing a missing energy technique to detect and constrain iDM and i2DM.
  • Conducting a recast-based analysis to contextualize experimental limits within the broader parameter space.

Main Results:

  • New exclusion limits have been placed on iDM and i2DM models based on NA64 data.
  • The analysis provides an estimation of the reach of current and future NA64 data for these dark matter models.
  • The study highlights the effectiveness of the NA64 experiment in probing the sub-GeV mass range for semi-visible particles.

Conclusions:

  • The NA64 experiment provides powerful constraints on inelastic dark matter models in the sub-GeV mass range.
  • The search for semi-visible particles is a promising avenue for dark matter detection.
  • Fixed-target experiments like NA64 are crucial for exploring new physics beyond the Standard Model.