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Corrigendum to "Implementation of life cycle analysis on green tea process" [Heliyon <b>9</b>, issue 11 (2023) 15450].

Heliyon·2024

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Implementation of life cycle analysis on green tea process.

Vimalraj Thiruvengadam¹, Nurul Huda Binti Baharuddin¹, Lim Jeng Shiun¹

¹School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia.

|May 14, 2023

Summary

This study evaluated green tea waste disposal methods. Adsorption impacts ecology more than landfill or incineration, but bulk processing can improve sustainability.

Keywords:

Life cycle analysis Waste disposal method Waste treatment

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Chemical Engineering
Waste Management

Background:

Green tea production generates significant waste, necessitating sustainable disposal strategies.
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is crucial for evaluating the environmental impact of waste management techniques.
Existing disposal methods for green tea waste include landfilling and incineration, with limited research on alternative applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To conduct a comparative Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of green tea waste management.
To evaluate the environmental impact of landfilling, incineration, and using green tea waste as an adsorbent for heavy metal removal.
To identify the most ecologically sound disposal method for green tea waste.

Main Methods:

The study employed Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology aligned with ISO 14044:2006 standards.
OpenLCA software and the AGRIBALYSE version 3 database were utilized for environmental impact assessment.
Key impact categories assessed included human carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic toxicity, global warming (human health), and fine particle creation, measured in Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs).

Main Results:

Processing 1 kg of green tea waste via adsorption resulted in a significantly higher environmental impact (63% more than incineration, 58% more than landfill).
The adsorption process, while more impactful, showed potential for improvement through bulk preparation.
Landfilling and incineration presented lower immediate ecological burdens compared to the adsorption method in this study.

Conclusions:

The adsorption of green tea waste for heavy metal removal, while innovative, currently poses a greater ecological burden than conventional landfilling or incineration.
Optimizing the adsorption process through large-scale preparation is essential to mitigate its environmental impact.
Further research into sustainable waste management for green tea production is recommended, focusing on process optimization and alternative applications.