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Extracellular vesicles: an emerging player in retinal homeostasis
Amit Chatterjee1,2,3, Ruchira Singh1,2,3,4
1Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|May 14, 2023
Summary
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial for retinal signaling and implicated in diseases like AMD and DR. This review explores their role in retinal health and disease, highlighting diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Cell Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, are key mediators of intercellular communication.
- EVs are involved in various physiological processes and implicated in numerous human disorders, particularly retinal degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of extracellular vesicle (EV) roles in retinal physiology and pathophysiology.
- To focus on disease-associated EV alterations in specific retinal diseases.
- To discuss the potential of EVs in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for retinal diseases.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on EVs in retinal research.
- Analysis of studies using cell lines, primary cultures, and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal cells.
- Examination of in vitro and in vivo models of retinal disease.
Main Results:
- EVs play significant roles in autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling within the retina.
- Alterations in EV composition are linked to the progression of retinal degenerative diseases.
- EVs have demonstrated potential in both diagnostic and therapeutic applications for retinal conditions.
Conclusions:
- Extracellular vesicles are integral to retinal (patho)physiology and disease.
- Understanding disease-specific EV alterations is critical for developing targeted interventions.
- EVs hold promise as biomarkers and therapeutic agents for managing retinal diseases like AMD and DR.
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