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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Exon Recombination02:32

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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
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Gene Conversion02:08

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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Pattern-based Search of Epigenomic Data Using GeNemo
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Epigenetic opportunities for evolutionary computation.

Sizhe Yuen1, Thomas H G Ezard2, Adam J Sobey1,3

  • 1Maritime Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.

Royal Society Open Science
|May 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Evolutionary computation algorithms largely ignore epigenetic inheritance, a key concept in modern evolution. Exploring this and other extended evolutionary synthesis mechanisms offers new potential for bioinspired optimization.

Keywords:
epigeneticsevolutionary algorithmsevolutionary biologyevolutionary computationnon-genetic inheritanceswarm intelligence

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Evolutionary computation (EC) uses bio-inspired algorithms for optimization.
  • EC draws from genetic inheritance (evolutionary algorithms) and cultural inheritance (swarm intelligence).
  • The extended evolutionary synthesis (EES) offers a broader biological framework.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze EC algorithms through the lens of the EES.
  • To identify overlooked evolutionary mechanisms within EC literature.
  • To highlight the potential of underutilized bio-inspired concepts.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic breakdown of successful bioinspired algorithms.
  • Comparison against the framework of the extended evolutionary synthesis.
  • Literature review focusing on evolutionary mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Darwinism and the modern synthesis are present in EC.
  • EES concepts like cultural inheritance, evolvability (e.g., CMA-ES), and multilevel selection (e.g., MLSGA) are partially incorporated.
  • Epigenetic inheritance is notably absent in current EC research.

Conclusions:

  • Significant opportunities exist to integrate under-explored EES mechanisms into EC.
  • Epigenetic inheritance represents a promising, yet overlooked, area for advancing bioinspired computation.
  • Further research into epigenetic-based approaches could yield novel EC algorithms.