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Acute Liver Failure Secondary to Anthocyanidin Use-A Case Report
Débora Puzzi Fernandes1, Elaine Cristina De Ataide1, Simone Reges Perales1
1Liver Transplant Unit, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Abstract:
Drug-induced liver injury has become the main cause of acute liver failure (ALF). Injury may be dose-dependent or occur idiosyncratically. We report the case of a 37-year-old female patient admitted with grade 4 hepatic encephalopathy. Morosil use was initiated 30 days prior, and after 2 weeks, the case evolved with jaundice and diarrhea interspersed with constipation when the medication was discontinued. Morosil is a dry extract of the juice of red Moro oranges (Citrus species), grown in eastern Sicily (Italy). It is an important source of anthocyanidin pigments, which act as antioxidants and are used in the care and prevention of obesity, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and cardiovascular diseases. According to the clinical picture and tests performed, the diagnosis of ALF was confirmed, by the criteria of Clichy and King's College. The patient was listed for liver transplantation as a priority, with the model for end stage liver disease (MELD) score: 41. Orthotopic liver transplantation was uneventfully performed using the Piggy-back technique. There are few reports in the literature of acute liver injury by other Citrus species, and we found no case reports of ALF related to the use of Morosil.
Insights
This case report details a patient who developed acute liver failure (ALF) after using Morosil, a red orange extract. The patient successfully underwent liver transplantation, highlighting a rare adverse event associated with this supplement.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Toxicology
- Nutraceuticals
Background:
- Drug-induced liver injury is a significant cause of acute liver failure (ALF).
- Morosil, derived from red oranges, is recognized for its antioxidant properties and use in managing metabolic and cardiovascular conditions.
- The potential for idiosyncratic reactions to supplements necessitates careful monitoring.
Observation:
- A 37-year-old female presented with grade 4 hepatic encephalopathy following 30 days of Morosil use.
- Symptoms including jaundice and altered bowel habits emerged two weeks after initiating Morosil.
- The patient's condition met the diagnostic criteria for ALF.
Findings:
- Morosil use was identified as the likely cause of acute liver failure in this patient.
- The patient's high Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score of 41 indicated severe liver dysfunction.
- Diagnosis of ALF was confirmed using established clinical criteria.
Implications:
- This case highlights a rare instance of acute liver failure potentially linked to Morosil consumption.
- It underscores the importance of considering supplement-induced liver injury in unexplained ALF cases.
- Further research into the hepatotoxicity of Citrus extracts like Morosil is warranted.
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