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Related Experiment Videos

Masticatory dysfunction in older adults: A scoping review.

Tony Lahoud1, Angus Yao-Dong Yu1, Shalinie King2

  • 1Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Journal of Oral Rehabilitation
|May 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Tooth loss is a key risk factor for chewing problems in older adults, while having teeth is protective. Standardizing chewing function tests can improve understanding and care.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Oral Health
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Masticatory dysfunction significantly impacts diet, nutrition, and social engagement in older adults.
  • Limited research exists on risk and protective factors for masticatory dysfunction in aging populations.
  • A standardized method for assessing masticatory performance is currently lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify risk and protective factors associated with masticatory dysfunction in older adults.
  • To determine the most frequently used objective measures for evaluating masticatory performance.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive scoping review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines.
  • Searches were performed across major databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science.
Keywords:
masticationolder adultsreduced performance

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  • Seventy-eight articles, encompassing various study designs, were included for data analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Tooth loss emerged as the primary risk factor for masticatory dysfunction.
    • Additional risk factors identified include frailty, sarcopenia, cognitive decline, and malnutrition.
    • The presence of teeth was the most significant protective factor; others included denture care, textured foods, and oral exercises. Chewing gum tests were most common for performance measurement.

    Conclusions:

    • Limited evidence currently supports a causal relationship between identified risk/protective factors and masticatory function in older adults.
    • Standardizing masticatory performance measurement, such as the chewing gum test, is crucial.
    • Routine clinical assessment of masticatory function can enhance the evidence base and improve patient care.